In hemodialysis, the water used must be ultra-pure, not just clean. Dialysis water comes in near-direct contact with the bloodstream through the dialysis membrane.
The Structure and Key Elements of a Hemodialysis Water Treatment System detail RO, EDI, and sterile loop processes to produce ultrapure, clinically safe water.
Chronic kidney disease affects about 35.94% of Filipinos—significantly higher than the global average, reflecting a growing public health concern.